「Characteristics of the UN PKO」の編集履歴（バックアップ）一覧に戻る
<p><font size="5">1.Characteristics of the UN PKO<font size="2"><font color="#FF0000">(</font><font color="#FF0000">p40～)</font></font><br /></font></p>
<p> There are three characteristics 1) Agreement 2)Nonpartisanship
3)Restrain of the use of armed force</p>
<p> <font size="4">(1) Agreement<font color="#FF0000"><font size="2">(p41～)</font></font></font></p>
<p> Agreement consist of ⅰ) core of agreement ⅱ) quality of agreement</p>
<p> ⅰ) core of agreement</p>
<p> Core of agreement classify a) parties concerned conflict b)
core menbers of the UN </p>
<p> a) parties concerned conflict </p>
<p> ex. Legal government and Resistance</p>
<p> Somalia Conflict ( At least there are 8 parties
and a lot of independent militia corps)</p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">Question: Sould the UN PKO
obtain the agreement by which the parties involved?
<font color="#0000FF">Does the UN
PKO have to obtain the agreement by all parties involved?</font><br /></font></p>
<p> b) core menbers of the UN</p>
<p> especially mean permanent menbers (of the Security
Council)</p>
<p> ex.USA・・・1982,French plan was refused by USA. It asked
the UN PKO to commit to
observe withdrawal of PLO from Beirut.
</p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">Point: The UN PKO is highly
depend on core menbers because they offer funds and unit.</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000FF"> That's why, no
procurement exclude approval.</font></p>
<p> ⅱ) quality of agreement</p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">Sincere agreement ←</font><font color="#0000FF">－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－→ Unreliable agreement
</font> Parties concerned have strong
desire. By
extortion or pressure. </p>
<p> <font color="#FF0000">On a occasion that agreement is
withdrawn or there are no agreement・・・ </font>(Parties
concerned often agree because they think the UN PKO is profitable)
The UN PKO act ・・・ 1) convert
into semi-compulsory measure
2)
revise objective
3) does not take action
4) Withdrawal</p>
<p> 1) means<font color="#0000FF">"Mission creep"･･･carry out
their mission. （機能逸脱）Unintentional expansion of mandate
<font color="#000000">2) means</font>"Mission </font> <font color="#339966">クリンジ</font><font color="#0000FF">・・・ limit their
mission.(機能萎縮）</font><font color="#0000FF">Unintentional<font color="#339966">shrink</font>of mandate</font> </p>
<p><font size="4"> (2) Nonpartisanship<font size="2" color="#FF0000">(p48～)</font></font></p>
<p> Nonpartisanship and objectivity distinguish the UN PKO from 強制行動 (forced
action or PKO?)</p>
<p> 強制行動・・・Parties involved are classified by the side of casualty or
the side of international criminals. The UN PKO･･･ They neither
blame only one side nor sympathetic towards only one side.</p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">Point: Nonpartisanship are always in crisis!!
</font>
ⅰ) Sould we form a
judgement from the which way? Should we maintain nonpartisanship
absolutely ?
?
ⅱ)Even
if the UN PKO is neutrality, how parties concerned who suffer disadvantages
think it because usually the UN PKO give
rise to changes in power ballance.
ⅲ) How's a sense of values whose parties concerned ?
Even if it supports to refugee camps, there
are possibility to be seen a contribution for their
enemy. </p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">If the UN PKO lose their
nonpartisanship・・・</font> They
assume a risk to be seen enemy for some parties concerned. <br />
ex. Air raid to Serbian in Bosunia , approval of the caretaker
president for one side in Somalia.</p>
<p> <font color="#0000FF">A dilemma of partisanship(Neutrality or
Reliability)</font>
ex. Experience in
Somalia
The UN PKO approve アリ･マハディ for the caretaker president → Retaliate from
General アイディード → They bacame to aim to capture General (means a
failure of Peace Keeping)
However, if the UN PKO had not aimed to capture General, he would have
seemed them as week-kneed,and added harder
retakiate attack to collapse a peace process.
</p>
<p><font size="4"> (3) Restrain of the use of armed force<font size="2" color="#FF0000">(p53～)</font></font><font size="4"><font size="2" color="#FF0000"><br /></font></font> Interpretation ⅰ) the minimum
necessary use of armed force
ⅱ) within the
ambit of their
self-defence
Criteria of restrain of the use of armed force has an
influence on a principle of agreement and nonpartisanship .</p>
<p> On the case that UN PKO could obtain agreement and cooperation
from parties concerned , criteria was
not important at all. <font color="#0000FF">However, on the case that UN PKO
could not obtain agreement and cooperation from parties concerned, criteria
was important.</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000FF"> <font color="#000000"> Why? : Because
the UN PKO are expected to exclude interference with their mission. However it
means that provoke critical parties antipathy , and that's why the UN PKO face
a dilemma</font></font> of risk or reliability.</p>
<p> Flexible restrain → Increase the risk and possibility to be a
part of conflict in themselves.</p>
<p> Strict restrain → Decrease their reliability for observer
of a peace process. ex. "patient diplomacy"</p>
<p>in Cambodia </p>
